(4) The benediction of grace and peace flows equally “from” each of these three persons: apo / apo / apo (1:4–5). After all, John uses a variety of images for both God and Christ and his apocalyptic imagery can allow for a symbolic, pluralized image-form. The fact that he does not directly call him “the Spirit” or that he actually pluralizes his singular person (“seven spirits”) does not counter this observation. (2) It would be strange to put angels here before Christ himself since he is the dominant character in the drama and the angels are his subordinates. (1) This identity fits with the context that is presenting the Father (1:4c) and the Son (1:5). 1:4–5)ĭespite the debate, the evidence strongly suggests that John is speaking of the Holy Spirit when he mentions the seven spirits. John to the seven churches that are in Asia: Grace to you and peace, from Him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven Spirits who are before His throne, and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. That initial text (with a portion of its context) reads: A significant issue debated by Revelation scholars revolves around the “seven spirits” first mentioned in Rev.
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